Sharon M. Draper - Free Essay Example

Sample details Pages: 1 Words: 314 Downloads: 10 Date added: 2017/09/22 Category Advertising Essay Type Argumentative essay Topics: Character Essay Did you like this example? Mrs. Freeman Honors English 10 23 September 2010 Book Report: November Blues My book is November Blues written by Sharon M. Draper. It was published in 2007, also by Sharon M. Draper. I obtained this book from the high school library. In the book November Blues the main characters are all kids and they’re names are November Nelson, Josh Prescott, Dana, Olivia, and Jericho Prescott. November Nelson loses her boyfriend to a pledge stunt gone wrong, and he leaves a little peace of him behind, two months after Josh’s death November finds out that she is pregnant with Josh’s baby. Josh Prescott is November’s boyfriend who dies in the pledge stunt gone wrong, and the father of her baby. Dana she a very popular girl everybody likes her; she is one of Novembers best friends and is the first to find out that November is pregnant. Olivia is a quiet girl, over weight, gets picked on a lot until she met November in the bathroom, when November first found out she was pregnant. Jericho Prescott is Josh’s Prescott’s best friend and cousin. He was also in the pledge with Josh when Josh was doing the stunt and it went wrong, after his cousin died he stopped playing the trumpet and started playing football to get out the anger and pain. The setting of the book is in Cincinnati around the Spring time, at November’s house. November is just now figuring out that she is pregnant after taking a test and is unsure what to do next. Considering the fact that her boyfriend is dead she didn’t know how she was going to tell his parents or even tell her own mom. This setting is important to the story because in introduces the reader to the main complication in the book. Also, gives a glimpse into the theme of the story. Don’t waste time! Our writers will create an original "Sharon M. Draper" essay for you Create order

Euthanasia Essay - 2270 Words

Euthanasia Euthanasia in todays society has run rampant, but whose choice is it really to end ones life in the case of excessive suffering? Euthanasia has become one of the most controversial issues in the medical field. There are many questions that must be considered when euthanasia is involved. For example: Whose right is it anyway? Do physicians have the right to perform assisted suicide? Is it morally right? When is quot;competentquot; not competent enough? Euthanasia is preceded the decision that a terminally ill patients life will come to an end before natural death. Euthanasia can also be defined as any killing carried out by medical means or by medical personnel; whether intended for the termination of suffering†¦show more content†¦Involuntary euthanasia refers to the terminally ill patients unknowing of the decision to use euthanasia when he or she has not consciously and expressly approved of it in advance. When voluntary euthanasia is approved or carried out, it is called active euthanasia. Active euthanasia is exactly what it sounds like: active, meaning characterized by motion or action, and euthanasia, meaning deliberate death. Active euthanasia refers to someones taking active steps to give a dying person, on his or her request, a lethal dosage of drugs to hasten death. Active euthanasia involves physically injecting or giving a terminally ill patient medication which ultimately results in death (Cauthen 112). Active euthanasia has become a very controversial issue because some feel that active euthanasia is a form of murder. However, some feel that passive euthanasia is morally acceptable (Mall 134). Passive euthanasia is the helping of a terminally ill patient to hasten death by withholding life-sustaining treatment, including food and water. Passive euthanasia is usually requested by the person dying, either verbally or through a written document. By withholding intravenous feedings, medications, surgery, a pacemaker or respirator, the doctor can let the patient die. The doctor is indirectly killing the patient, but he himself is notShow MoreRelatedEuthanasia Essay : Euthanasia And Euthanasia863 Words   |  4 PagesThis is why Euthanasia is important and summarizing the research that I found on Euthanasia. Euthanasia is important because there is a lot of arguments about Euthanasia. Some people support it and some people do not support Euthanasia (Euthanasia and assisted suicide- Arguments). Euthanasia allows people to be free from physical pain. It is the hastening of death of a patient to prevent further sufferings (Euthanasia Revisited). The religious argument states God chooses when human life ends. EuthanasiaRead MoreEuthanasia Essays : Euthanasia And Euthanasia1432 Words   |  6 PagesDoes euthanasia assists patients to die with dignity? From fresh to dying, is the humanity multiplies the development natural law. Along with medicine progress and life enhancement, the people besides pay attention to eugenics, simultaneous starts to pay attention to the euthanasia. Since this century 50 ages, regarding euthanasia, many countries’ medical arenas, educational world, and ethical groups have been arguing about the euthanasia argument for many years, although many person of ideas haveRead MoreThe Debate Of Euthanasia And Euthanasia1429 Words   |  6 PagesINTRODUCTION: The debate of euthanasia is an ongoing one that’s shrouded with much controversy and ambiguity regarding the ethics of it in contemporary Australian society. However, the frequency of this topic being debated by physicians, influential figures and the media has become more prominent now than ever. In particular, in association with its impending legislation within Australian states. (The Royal Australian and New Zealand College of Psychiatrists,2012) Various types of euthanasia are recognised,Read MoreEuthanasia Essay : Euthanasia And Euthanasia Essay1223 Words   |  5 Pages Euthanasia James Dudley Euthanasia continues to be an ongoing issue in modern society. Over the course of history, there has been a multitude of debates that have tried to justify assisted suicide, or euthanasia. Gallup’s study in 2013 openly shows this statistic by showing that over 75 percent of Americans trust that euthanasia should be acceptable. However, what Americans don’t comprehend is that making any form of euthanasia legal infringes upon the right to life as stated in the constitutionRead MoreThe Issue Of Euthanasia And Euthanasia2073 Words   |  9 Pageslife is beyond toleration or they feel as though there is no point to living, the issue of euthanasia often arises. Euthanasia is technically defined as â€Å"the act or practice of killing someone who is very sick or injured in order to prevent any more suffering†. In america people have the right to end their life. The topic of euthanasia is one that is highly disputed among people over the world.† Euthanasia means killing someone who is very sick to prevent more suffering† (Weaver 1). An example ofRead MoreEuthanasi Euthanasia And Euthanasia1515 Words   |  7 Pagesetymology of the word ‘euthanasia’ originates from the Greek language which has a literal meaning of â€Å"good death†. Other names for euthanasia are ‘assisted suicide’ and ‘mercy killing’. Euthanasia is done when the person is suffering from a terminal illness such as cancer, and then steps are taken to end the person’s life so that they no longer have to suffer. [Helga Kuhse. July 1992. Bioethics News. The World Federation of Right to Die Societies. http://www.worldrtd.net/euthanasia-fact-sheet. AccessedRead MoreEuthanasia Essay : The Euthanasia989 Words   |  4 Pagesthe euthanasia process and what to expect. The euthanasia can take place in the privacy of yo ur own home or you may choose to have it done at your veterinarian’s office. Your veterinarian may offer at home euthanasia or you may be able to locate a veterinary service that does at home euthanasia such as Home To Heaven. This is a personal choice and should be made with you and your pet’s comfort in mind. Additionally, you may want to decide if you wish to be present during the euthanasia. SomeRead MoreEuthanasia And The Death Of Euthanasia1351 Words   |  6 Pagesfor the dying who request euthanasia to be able to end their suffering. Euthanasia is considered a â€Å"gentle and easy death† because it comes from the Greek words, Eu meaning good and Thanatosis meaning death. Euthanasia is illegal in most of the United States. However, assisted suicide, is legal in six different states. The states that assisted suicide is legal in are California, Oregon, Colorado, Washington DC, Vermont and Washington. The key difference between euthanasia and assisted suicide is whoRead MoreEuthanasi Euthanasia And Euthanasia861 Words   |  4 PagesEuthanasia, the practice of medically terminating life in order to relieve pain and suffering of a patient, has been a complex and controversial topic since its conception. In ancient Greece and Rome attitudes toward active euthanasia, and suicide had tended to be tolerant. However, the rise of the Christian faith reinforced the views of the Hippocratic Oath, a swearing of ethical conduct historically taken by physicians. This shift concluded a medical consensus in opposition of euthanasia. IssuesRead MoreThe Debate About Euthanasia And Euthanasia1631 Words   |  7 PagesThe debates about euthanasia date all the way back to the 12th century. During this time, Christian values increased the public’s opinion against euthanasia. The church taught its followers that euthanasia not only injured individual people and their communities, but also violated God’s authority over life. This idea spread far and wide throughout the public until the 18th century when the renaissance and reformation writers attacked the church and its teachings. However, the public did not pay much

Impairment Loss and Accounting Entries

Question: Discuss about the Impairment Loss and Accounting Entries. Answer: Introduction The accounting framework followed in Australia prescribes the accounting standard 136 (AASB 136) to deal with the accounting treatment of the impairment loss (AASB 136, 2007). The impairment loss has been defined as the amount worked out by deducting the recoverable amount from the carrying amount of the asset (Dagwell, Wines, and Lambert, 2011). In the context of this, an essay has been presented here describing the nature of impairment loss and the requirement for its discloser in the financial statements of an entity. This essay covers the discussion on the impairment loss from the accounting view point in the light of the Australian accounting standards. Nature of Impairment Loss The impairment loss is necessary to recognise to bring the assets at the value that would the entity fetch if the assets are sold in the market. The assets are initially recognised at cost in the books of accounts and then re-valued from time to time as per the prevailing market conditions. The accounting principle of prudence requires that the entity should immediately account for the foreseeable losses while the future gains should be ignored until their realisation is ensured (Mukherjee and Hanif, 2003). This implies that the assets should not be overstated and the liabilities should not be understated in the books of accounts of an entity. If there are conditions that indicate that the assets may be overstated, the entity should recognise the impairment loss immediately and bring the asset at the recoverable value (Mukherjee and Hanif, 2003). As per the provisions enunciated in the accounting standard 136, the impairment loss is recognized on all the assets except inventories, deferred tax assets, investment property dealt with as per AASB 140, and few other categories (AASB 136, 2007). This implies that the impairment loss is primarily recognized on the non-current assets such as plant and equipment, building, furniture, and intangibles. Further, it has been provided that the assets are to be considered individually for the computation of the impairment loss. However, where is impracticable to segregate the assets, the impairment loss is to be computed with reference to the entire unit, which is called the cash generating unit (CGU) (AASB 136, 2007). The computation of the impairment loss is made with reference to the carrying amount and the recoverable amount of the assets or CGU. The carrying amount is simply the value at which the assets have been shown in the books of accounts by the entity (Stickney et al., 2009). However, the computations are required for recoverable amount, which is computed with reference to the fair value and value in use of the assets or CGU. The recoverable amount is the higher of fair value less the expenses required to realize the asset and the value in use. Here the value in use is computed by discounting the future cash flows expected from the use of the asset or the CGU. The effectively the impairment loss could be computed as follows (Stickney et al., 2009): Impairment Loss= Carrying amount - [higher of fair value-expenses or value in use] The test for impairment is to be performed at each balance sheet date wherein the entity is required to collect and analyse the information from the internal as well as external sources (AASB 136, 2007). If the analysis of the information indicates that the recoverable amount of assets or CGU is less than the amount at which the assets are carried in the balance sheet, the impairment loss is provided for in the books and assets are restated at the recoverable amount. However, it may be noted here that the test for impairment in case of intangible assets is to be carried out at each balance sheet date disregarding the fact that there was not any indication for such test (AASB 136, 2007). In regard to recognition of the impairment loss, it has been observed that the same is to be charged to the profit and loss account unless there is existing revaluation reserve. If the revaluation reserve is available in respect of the asset which has been impaired, the impairment loss first is to be charged to the revaluation reserve and then the remaining to be charged to the profit and loss account (Ernst and Young LLP, 2015). Further, the carrying amount of the asset is reduced by the amount of impairment loss. Discloser Requirement in Case of Impairment Loss There are detailed discloser requirements in respect of the impairment loss to be followed by the entities in preparation and presentation of the financial statements. As per the provisions contained in the accounting standard, the entity is required to disclose the impairment loss in the profit and loss account as a separate line item (ICAA, 2012). Further, the entity shall also disclose the impairment loss in the notes to accounts pertaining to the impaired asset. The impairment loss is to be shown as a deduction from the carrying amount of the impaired asset. In addition to this, the entity is also required to disclose the events or circumstances which formed the basis for recognition of the impairment loss (AASB 136, 2007). Further, in respect of a cash generating unit, the entity shall disclose the description of all the assets identified as cash generating unit and the basis on which the assets were clubbed under the cash generating unit. Additionally, the impairment loss on cash generating unit is to be allocated on individual assets based on their carrying amount and to be disclosed in the notes to accounts. Apart from this, the entity is also required to disclose the basis used to compute the cash flows for computation of the value in use (AASB 136, 2007). Conclusion From the discussion, it may be articulated that the recognition of the impairment loss is a matter of financial prudence and thus, the entities should adhere to it. The nature of impairment loss, its measurement, and the discloser requirements have been discussed in this essay, which will help the entities in complying with the provisions of the accounting framework. Journal Entries for Impairment Loss Crossbow Ltd: Computation of Impairment Loss for Cash Generating Unit Amount ($) A Carrying Amount of Cash Generating Unit (Excluding Inventory) 1,500,000.00 B Recoverable Amount of Cash Generating Unit 1,420,000.00 C Impairment Loss (A-B) 80,000.00 Note: The inventories are not tested for impairment, hence excluded. The total impairment loss of $80,000 is to be allocated to the individual assets in proportion to their carrying amount. However, it should be noted that the impairment loss is first to be allocated to write of the goodwill and then the remaining amount is to be allocated to other assets in proportion to their carrying amount. Further, it is also to be noted that the impairment loss can not be allocated to the individual asset in excess of the difference of its individual carrying amount and the individual fair value net of selling expenses. In the light of these provisions, the allocation of impairment loss has been presented in the table given below: Allocation of the Impairment Loss to Individual Assets Assets Carrying Amount Impairment Loss Goodwill 40,000.00 40,000.00 Land (2/14.60)*40000 200,000.00 5,479.45 Brand 'Crossbow Shoes' (1.6/14.60)*40000 160,000.00 4,383.56 Shoe Factory (7/14.60)*40000 700,000.00 19,178.08 Machinery (4/14.60)*40000 400,000.00 10,958.90 Total 1,460,000.00 40,000.00 Journal Entry for Impairment Loss Description Debit ($) Credit ($) Impairment Loss 80,000.00 Goodwill 40,000.00 Accumulated impairment losses Land 5,479.45 Accumulated amortization and impairment losses brand 4,383.56 Accumulated depreciation and impairment losses Factory 19,178.08 Accumulated depreciation and impairment losses Machinery 10,958.90 References AASB 136. (2007). Impairment of Assets. [Online]. Available at: https://www.aasb.gov.au/admin/file/content105/c9/AASB136_07-04_COMPapr07_07-07.pdf [Accessed on: 20 September 2016]. Dagwell, R., Wines, G., and Lambert, C. 2011. Corporate accounting in Australia. Pearson Higher Education AU. Ernst and Young LLP. 2015. International GAAP 2016: generally accepted accounting principles under international financial reporting standards. John Wiley Sons. ICAA. 2012. Chartered accountants financial reporting handbook 2012, Google Ebook. John Wiley Sons. Mukherjee and Hanif. 2003. Financial accounting. Tata McGraw-Hill Education. Stickney, C.P., Weil, R.L., Schipper, K., and Francis, J. 2009. Financial accounting: an introduction to concepts, methods and uses. Cengage Learning.

The Controversy Of Huckleberry Finn Essays - Literature, Fiction

The Controversy Of Huckleberry Finn Huckleberry Finn, timeless classic, or modern day disgrace? Should it be banned? Or should it be continued to be taught? The answer is two-faced, because there is undoubtly some questionable themes and word choice. But on the other hand, if the material is presented in a mature way, with a discussion about the, questionable, racial material, Huck Finn really can be, and is, one of the greatest literary works of all time. The Adventures of Huckleberry Finn is a classic piece of American literature, Twain takes a very funny, and very satirical viewpoint of many of society's flaws. The most prominent concept Twain attacks is the concept of slavery. Huck's battle of concious versus heart is shown at multiple times in the novel. With the climax of the novel when Huck decides he would rather burn in hell than turn Jim in. Apart from the climax, Twain does make fun of many of society's wrongs. For example, the Grangerfords and Shepardsons episode is satirizing people's false sense of honor and hipocracy as they go to church and listen to sermons about brotherly love and peace, while at the same time stroking their guns. Twain also takes a huge shot at religion. Huck complains that before he can eat he has to listen to the widow grumble over a few lines. Huck also says he would prefer hell over heaven because his friend Tom Sawyer would be there, and heaven seemed boring, with the harps and clouds and all. Many people have said that Jim is a racial sterotype. This, however, could not be further from the truth. How can Jim be a stereotypical slave if he was willing to care for Huck, after he had learned of Huck's father's passing away. Jim stayed with him on his journey down the Mississippi River even though he knew it was leading him straight into slave country where he was no doubtedly being looked for. This decision has transcended the streotype and turned Jim into what many would call a hero. A sterotypical slave would have just turned around and left Huck for dead after the slave realized they had passed Cairo and had no shot at getting north by river. So if anyone tells you that Huck Finn should be banned because Jim is a stereotype and Twain is attacking slaves, you just tell them that Jim was a hero and the world will be better if more people read about his good deeds and are influenced by them. However, and this is a big however, there is some language in the book that African Americans would, understandably, find offensive. But if the teacher talks about the word nigger, and makes sure the class understands that nigger was a common word when the book was written. The meaning of the word has changed from an ordinary word to describe blacks to a derogatory term. If the teacher is sure that the class understands that in Huck Finn the word means the former, then I feel it can be taught, and should be taught in the classroom. But even if the meaning of the word is addressed and confronted, there are still going to be people who are offended. And to this I say, you just gotta roll with the punches. There will never be a situation that makes everyone happy, and if people are unhappy with reading this novel, than an alternate book should be available. Should The Adventures of Huckleberry Finn be banned from the school ciriculum? I, personally, feel that it shouldn't, and if it was it would be a terrible waste of a timeless piece of litereature. There are many good points that the novel addresses which is the main reason noto remove it. Although there are going to be people who disagree with the book's wording. To these people there should be a secondary book available that has the same meaning. Book Reports

Advanced English Module B Critical Study Speeches free essay sample

Knees will always remain significant within society and will never become dependent on shaping todays society but be a memory of our past and a reminder of who we are today. Only very few texts still remain today that are highly regarded as being timeless and have the ability to still be understood in todays society. I believe this Is attributed to the underlying significant themes and Ideas such as Justice that will continue to appeal to people and allow them to sympathies with the author disregarding the time period. The themes behind the everlasting texts give the audience to have a universal perception and interpretation that can differ depending on external factors and ways of life. Another Important reason of why I believe these texts have the ability to shape our Interpretations of them are because of the pivotal nature and characteristics that the speeches hold in our past that has developed and crawled into our future. We will write a custom essay sample on Advanced English Module B: Critical Study Speeches or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page Faith Bandleaders speech entitled Faith, Hope and Recalculation is a text that I perceive to be considered as timeless and still relevant in todays society.Faith Bandleader is a renowned Aboriginal activist who was Instrumental In the 1967 preferred, Born In Tumbling, she was deeply influenced by her father who had experienced life as a slave plantation worker first hand, who died when Faith when Faith was only 5. In 1967 she brought the referendum before the Holt government, and the change to the constitution was duly made after the referendum succeeded with a 91% majority.Candlers purpose is to firstly respond to an invitation from the indigenous people of the Lawyers to speak at the Convention, and secondly to raise issues of reconciliation that can Inspire other like-minded people to act in support of conciliation. Her themes throughout the speech are unity and Justice, not only between Aboriginal people, but all ;decent people who understand the past, the 1 OAF is typified by i nformal expression, ellipsis and pronouns with ambiguous reference. The qualities lend the speech more the quality of a personal conversation that a formal speech transforming it into a part of time that can still be understood today. Bandleader quickly addresses her audience and the reason for the speech. She briefly refers to reconciliation then expands on the idea as she then alludes to three antenatal factors; the slowing of the reconciliation process, the racism uttered in public and the stolen generation. Bandleader uses emotive language to create the sense of an honest and heartfelt tone.Bandleader uses the metaphor of a Journey up a mountain to describe the progress of reform towards reconciliation; lived, breathed, struggled and climbed those ramparts of the rugged past, and when reaching the summit, have seen the ugliness when looking down the disagreeable habits of those who close their eyes to the past. She describes the physical effort of achieving the goal of reconciliation with emotive engage and refers to people against reconciliati on as ignorant and blind. The use of this technique gives the audience a visual understanding or the hardships and battles that have been undertaken to try and reconcile. Bandleader uses this metaphor to push past the unwilling people and subliminally tells her audience to move on, but not forget. Bandleader goes on to describe the great divide between indigenous Australia and white Australia and what must be done in order for the two communities to reconcile. She uses isomorphism through an underlying horse analogy when referring to talk-back audio hosts as a way to generalize the Australian community; talk-back Jockeys lined up against them, and those who are deliberately blinkered and our troubled relationships with them.They are chained in their stubbornness.. The rhetorical technique of terming the opposing side through isomorphism is designed to question the moral value of the opposition. She also uses this technique to deliver an insult to those against reconciliation, in this quote she also directs criticism to those who are keeping their opinions unheard and states you are as troubled as those who do voice their opinions. Faith Bandleader has become very influential within Australias past and its determined future, disregarding all of her attributes this speech still remains significant and enduring.This speech delivers pure notions for peace in the simplest of forms. Through Bandleaders use of sarcasm and her unique portrayal of events she has transformed the speech to have the ability to change others opinions surrounding reconciliation reform. I also believe that because these series of events hit so close to home and were not so long ago have the intended shock value. Poor Egyptian family of Egyptian/Sudanese descent. His political and nationalist ambitions were inflamed by his grandmother who told him stories of Egyptian national resistance to British imperialism during his childhood.Sad became a militant leader who threatened Israel between()-73. He was responsible for the war on Israel which began in October 1973 and ended in a stalemate. The weak financial situation in Egypt at the time precipitated riots. The failure of his military initiative resulted in a change in tactics and Sad became a voice for political negotiation. It was in this context that the Statement to the Knees took place. His visit to Israel was unprecedented for an Egyptian.The purpose of the speech is for Sad, perhaps following his own personal intuition and instincts, or his conscience, to go to Israel to broker a peace settlement, in order to save further massive Israeli and Arab bloodletting from occurring. The speech shares the underlying theme of justice and unity; he expresses these themes through the use of rhetorical questions and religious allusions. Sad introduces his speech with a quote from the Koran; throughout the entire first paragraph he uses numerous religious references and repetition.In the opening two sentences the audience sees the use of repetition when he used the word peace three times to introduce his speechs topic. He then goes on to describe the irony of the situation; wars launched by man to annihilate his fellow man and the outcome of those wars, where the only vanquished remains man The use of irony emphasizes the notion of peace straight away within the speech. It becomes clear to the audience immediately that Sad is praying for peace within these nations and alluding to the idea that war has never been the answer and never ill be the answer if these two countries wish to achieve growth and progression.He uses the general example of man and strongly suggests that we are all the same, we are all gods creatures. Through Sadists entire introduction, he establishes a basis for questions that he will ask through out the text referring to why something that seems as simplistic as peace cannot be achieved. Sadists never ending desire for peace makes him an easy person to relate to today because of how through his speech defines himself as a person that is independent and without hidden motives. Sad goes on to introduce his notions of peace through a question regarding why peace is becoming so difficult to achieve. Let us be frank with each other as we answer this important question: how can we achieve permanent peace based on Justice? The use of this rhetorical question within this context allows Sad to make many fundamental propositions. The question that Sad poses not only forces his primary audience to ponder on the possibilities of a Just world but contemporary audiences impact within Sadists audiences and encourages the speech to be dependent on the homes presented rather than the context it is presented in.Throughout the entirety of the speech Sad makes it inevitably clear that his true desire is that peace between two nations is achieved. This speech has played a pivotal role within the Egypt and Israeli communitys efforts to obtain peace. I believe this is why this speech can still be found relevant today. At a time of confusion and conflict, the cry for peace and Justice can still be found as an exposed underlying theme. I believe that this is why the speech is still apparent within todays society and he core representation of peace being easily obtainable becomes a unimaginable fantasy within peoples minds.Both of these speeches appeal to me and todays society for various reasons; they both appear complex and intricate which indeed they are but they share common themes that can be understood by many people on very different levels. Both of these texts share the underlying themes of peace, I believe that peace is one of the very few things that the world can agree on and all understand that it is a necessary part of life and without we feel lost and insecure.

Fast Food Essay Example

Fast Food Essay Example Fast Food Paper Fast Food Paper Schlossers Fast Food Nation as released by Penguin books really made a great impact to the fast food industry. McDonalds marketing strategy is one of the main arguments presented in the book and how it changed the view of people towards fast food. The ideas of the author were closely dissected in every chapter and supported with factual evidences. Basically the book revolves in fast food, the values it embodies and the world it has made (Schlosser, 2002, p. 3). There is really something humane about the book that made it more interesting. Values of Americans were also explained in the book so that it will not appear that the topic only focuses on flaws and features of Americans unwillingness to change their marketing strategy. There are several points in the book that gives credit to positive American Traits. Marketing Strategy of MacDonald’s strategy was changed completely when readers came to discover the bad facts about health involvement of The Golden Achers in relation to its customer’s nutritional needs. American values being traditional that is why they came to develop and motivate marketing strategies of doing whatever it takes to make it big in the fast food industry. Most of Americans tends to loose the resistance over fast food since this has become part of their tradition that they cannot go against with. MacDonald’s marketing strategy can be admirable in the sense of profitability it always tries its best to giving delicious food to millions of customers. : Second. fast nutrient companies are intentionally aiming kids as they are easy marks to travel after. Kelly Brownell. the writer of Are Children Prey for Fast Food Companies? says how Happy Meals from McDonalds are served with playthings. These playthings are advertised and are served with low alimentary nutrient. Only 12 of 3. 039 possible kids’ repast combinations run into nutrition standards for kindergartners. However. if fast nutrient companies would function healthier nutrients to kids. like fruits and milk. the statistics would increase. Besides. these nutrients are high in sugar. and fat. Ultimately. companies aiming kids with unhealthy nutrient and playthings can take to a higher rate of kids being corpulent or diabetic. Queerly plenty. fast nutrient miming fast insouciant topographic points may really be better and healthier due to its freshman ingredients. Julie Jargon writes the article. Fast Food Aspires to Fast Casual’ ; and she states that fast nutrient eating houses are up scaling their nutrient. In the hope of appealing to more-sophisticated consumers. fast-food ironss are traveling beyond simple cheeseburgers and greaser. adding fancy ingredients such as portabella mushrooms. citrus-herb marinated poulet. and pepper bacon. This ascent may be pulling more clients to the fast nutrient industry. but they will be attracted to healthier nutrients. Therefore. it may non be every bit much as a taking cause as of fleshiness as other things. In decision. fast nutrient companies have changed America for the worse over the class of a few old ages. Fast nutrient topographic points largely have high fat and low alimentary part sizes that shouldn’t be eaten day-to-day. Families shouldn’t eat fast nutrients every bit much as they think they should. and alternatively should ensue in eating healthier. freshman merchandises. Options to fast nutrient topographic points may dramatically diminish fleshiness in America. America’s fleshiness epidemic may be led by the fast nutrient industries.

Smart Phones Make People Antisocial Term Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1750 words

Smart Phones Make People Antisocial - Term Paper Example The sole purpose of smartphones was to facilitate the people connectivity globally with ease. On the contrary, it is disconnecting those very people from others barely a touching distance away. This overdependence on smartphones on the social and economic perspective have created a lazy population who are not ready to get out of the comfort of their smartphones to physically engage in various social activities. Most commercial activities which in the past involved people venturing outdoors can now be done on the handheld devices by just a few taps on the screen such as shopping and banking services now involves just a few taps on the screen. This has limited people interaction in places such as shopping malls and banking halls, which in the past used to be blocked by hordes of people. The urge to engage in extracurricular activities in schools has been watered down by emergence of sports games that really do well on smartphones. People prefer playing their favorite game on the smartphone then go out to play physical games with the peers. A good example is a high reference in the youth on playing games like FIFA. Those games are loaded with fantasy, which is rare to get in the real world. Smartphones have brought up scenarios where one find people grouped together, but instead of chatting they are busily engaged on their devices. The devices have resulted in peers unintentionally, indirectly isolating themselves from other people, and paying little attention to their environment. Sometimes its is used as away of putting off someone whom one has little to talk about or is disinterested in engaging in talks or does not have patience for. At times smart phones are used by some people who want to look busy from other people views as a way of ignoring social responsibil ities (May & Greg 201). Most people to excuse themselves from social gathering or meetings use fake calls apps. They are usually set up such that they will indicate a fake

Nike Case Study Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Nike Case Study - Research Paper Example Ballinger was passionate that a company should have a responsibility for its workers even if they are the lowest paid workforce of the company (Spar, 2002). Ballinger was assigned to monitor labor conditions in an Indonesian plant by overseas American companies because he considered that the reason for international companies to prepare a setup in poor countries is to exploit the low-wage labors. This has been true over years that big multinational companies have been shifting their operations to lower wage countries in order to reduce their production cost and collect more profits. The cost of production in America is double the cost of a product which is being manufactured in other countries (Locke, 2002). He claims that Nike has a policy that in order to produce cost effective products, they mistreat their workers and make them work longer hours than required. He believed that even though there were laws for protecting the labor rights, Nike continuously fed the Indonesian governm ent with bribe to overlook their part of misdeed. Ballinger accused Nike that they knew people were dependent on the company and would rarely leave the company, so they mistreated them to get more production with fewer necessities and food provided to the people. Ballinger had strength in his arguments because workers were in a bad situation and when they were interviewed by Ballinger, they agreed with the same (Connor, 2001). Nike’s Response to Ballinger’s Allegations The first response from Nike was clear that their manager said Nike’s not responsible for the actions of their independent contractors. Nike considered that they are not involved in any kind of activity in Indonesia and most likely they would not be responsible for their act. However, Nike asked its public relation officer to draft a code of conduct for its independent contractors (Stoner, 2006). This code of conduct would then be sent to their new contractors in which all aspects of working condi tions of labors, environment regulation and insurance of their workers were addressed. Nike wanted all of their suppliers and independent contractors to agree with all terms that were specified before making any further deal. It was made mandatory that these suppliers would have to give their written consent of their honesty and non-discrimination (Spar, 2002). Nike hired an accounting firm Ernst & Young to conduct an audit of its overseas factories. Auditing would inform Nike with activities of their overseas factories and would identify their problems. But the problem started to mount and criticism had started to rise again with a greater force. Nike denied any act of direct involvement in child labor activity and of worker exploitation. In Washington, Nike was the first company to join Apparel Industry Partnership (AIP) which was aimed to develop reformed labor standards in foreign factories. Nike also included a new department in its company which was known as Labor Practices De partment which role was to monitor labor practices in premises of the factory (Spar, 2002). Recommendations Firstly, Nike should focus on improving its processes in their overseas factories by making strict guidelines and norms for their factories to follow. The company shall motivate their independent

Basic Assessment of a Cuban American with limited English proficiency Assignment

Basic Assessment of a Cuban American with limited English proficiency - Assignment Example Here, the nurse might face linguistic difficulties because they speak different languages. Whereas the nurse speaks English, the patient does not even understand it. For a nurse to deal with such a situation, they need to be patient, understanding and tolerant. Besides, they should sharpen their communication skills. Meaning, they should not shun away the patient, but look for an interpreter to intervene. It would be advisable to incorporate the intervention of an interpreter as it would facilitate the communication process between the nurse and the patient. It is only through effective communication that the nurse would manage to interact with, listen to and understand the patient before offering any required services. Communication is a paramount activity in the nursing profession. When it is effectively done, the nurse would definitely involve the patient in the treatment process as they offer benevolent

Tasks And Skills Of A Quantity Surveyor Construction Essay

Tasks And Skills Of A Quantity Surveyor Construction Essay The construction industry is global and extends across all real estate and infrastructure markets. As the construction projects grow in complexity and size, it is immediately clear that many quantity surveyors have diversified into providing project and building management services. Quantity surveyor (QS) is the recognized cost managers of construction as well as accountant of the building profession. The term Quantity Surveyor derives from the role taken in quantifying the various items of labour, material and plant that it takes to construct a given project. Quantity surveyor is the specialist in the financial and contractual aspects of construction projects. QS is involved at all stages of the project and is usually appointed by the architect or engineer who has designed the construction. The QSs traditional independent role on the team comprising client, architect, engineer, QS and contractor has given him a reputation and appreciation for fairness. This, combined with his expert ise in drafting and interpretation of contract documents, enables him to settle issues, avoid disputes and ensure the effective progress of a project. MAJOR TASKS OF A QUANTITY SURVEYOR Allocating work to subcontractors The QS has to interact with the site employees and employees from subcontracting organisations. The QS distribute the works to subcontractor firm. Valuing completed work and arranging payments is also one of the tasks of the QS. Once the works done, QS has to approve payments made to suppliers, employees and subcontractors. Managing costs on site and dealing with cost reconciliation A quantity surveyor is able to manage costs on a wide variety of new building projects and structures such as residential developments, sports stadiums, shopping complexes, roads and bridges, schools, hospitals, offices and factories. The QS controls cost before, during and after construction. Costs are managed from the feasibility stage of a project and continued to do so right through to tendering and construction. When a building project is complete, QS may be involved in preparing tax depreciation schedules, estimating replacement costs for insurance purposes and, if necessary, mediation and arbitration. analysing outcomes and writing detailed progress reports; Advising on the cost The QS provides cost advice for a project at inception, during construction and for any unplanned changes that occur. The QS also provides estimation during the initial stages of the process of construction procurement for the project initiators such as developers. The QS has to advise from time to time on cost management, or value management. The QS plays important role during the design phase. The QS throughout the design and construction process is required to advise the client on any cost implications that may arise. Such advice will be necessary irrespective of the procurement method used for contractor selection or tendering purposes. However, the advice will be especially crucial during the projectà ¢Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â‚¬Å¡Ã‚ ¬Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â‚¬Å¾Ã‚ ¢s inception. During this time major decisions are taken affecting the size of the project and the quality of the works, if only in outline form. The cost advice given must therefore be as reliable as possible, so that clients can proceed with the gre atest amount of confidence. In addition, the QS provides post-occupancy advice, facilities management services and life cycle costing advice. Preparing tender and contract documents A bill of quantities (BOQ) is a document detailing the materials, parts, and labour required to construct, maintain, or repair a structure or device. Preparation of bills of quantity for work in progress and the final accounts is also done by QS. The technique of measuring quantities from drawings, sketches and specifications prepared by architects and engineers, in order to prepare tender/contract documents, is known in the industry as taking off. The quantities of work taken off typically are used to prepare bills of quantities, which usually are prepared in accordance with a published standard method of measurement (SMM) as agreed to by the QS profession and representatives of the construction industry. Many larger QS firms have their own in-house methods of measurement and most bills of quantities prepared today are in an abbreviated format from the one required by the SMM. Emphasizing contracts management The QS also emphasizes contracts management. Trained to draft, interpret and administer complex contracts, QS who operates in the broader field of project management often adopt other titles such as Contracts manager or Construction surveyor. A number of QS work in procurement in the oil gas industry, process and power industries, and civil engineering. Their preferred title, in countries where the QS profession is less known, is Contracts engineer. The QS analyses tenders, prepare and analyze cost data and perform contract administration including evaluate interim payments to contractors, charge variations and claims and settle contract accounts. The role of a contractors QS will extend further than the day to day running of building projects and will cover such other areas as sub-contract formation, forecasting of costs and values of the project, cash flow forecasts and the collation of the operation and maintenance manuals of the project (OM manuals). The skills required by a Quantity Surveyor Being a good Quantity Surveyor, there are numerous skills required in preparing and ensuring good quality of documents for construction projects. As a professional Quantity Surveyor, knowledge in Mathematics, Information Technology(IT), Economic, Human Resource, Science, Business, Global Politics, Global General Knowledge, Geography and etc are crucial. Information technology continues to develop at an exponential rate. Virtually everyone involved in the construction industry now has extensive access to this technology. A qualified QS should be computer literate, that is, familiar with the common uses or applications of computers. Good IT and numeracy skills, together with the ability to analyse the content of complicated documents are important to be a Quantity Surveyor. The QS is able to learn sophisticated design and costing IT packages when the QS uses the computer effectively. In addition, the QS should be proficient in Mathematics. This is a bonus point when the QS is managing the cost of the construction. A well-trained QS understands both of construction techniques and technology. The QS also needs knowledge of construction law, health and safety issues, building methods and time scales, and the costs of materials. Detailed knowledge of past and current building and construction technology, business and legal matters is essential for the QS. Besides, a sound knowledge of building construction is also vital for the QS. These knowledges are required to ensure that the project is undergone smoothly. Moreover, good communications skill is necessary to express your opinions verbally as well as on paper. The ability to write clear and precise reports and to relate complex information simply to a diverse range of people are also done by the QS. Hence, the language skills are one of the skills required b a successful QS. The QS are advisable to master English. Majority of the contracts are written in English. The QS is unable to understand the contracts well due to poor language skills. Other languages such as local language in respective area are also advisable for a QS to smoothen QSà ¢Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â‚¬Å¡Ã‚ ¬Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â‚¬Å¾Ã‚ ¢s work during communicating with the clients. The QS is always involved in a construction team, which included architects, civil engineers, mechanical electrical engineers, quantity surveyor and etc. Good negotiating skills are important, as is initiative to make decisions. The QS has to negotiate with a wide variety of people, which means that the QS would have to listen to the opinions of others as well as giving your own point of view. Therefore, the QS must works well in a team which may require the QS to motivate and lead people on site. As a quantity surveyor, a logical and methodical person is needed in problem solving. With logical thinking, the QS uses reasoning consistently to come to a conclusion which is seem sensible. The attitude of the QS must be optimistic all the time once the project begins. The QS shows the willingness of doing jobs throughout the whole process. Passion and dedication should place in the heart of the QS in order to achieve high quality of works. Creative and innovative during solving the obstacles are crucial to the QS. Accuracy when preparing the bills of quantities is vital for the QS. A little difference in calculations will affect the whole presentation of works. Thus, the QS is always careful with the calculations to avoid any careless mistakes. CONCLUSION In conclusion, the existence of Quantity Surveyor is getting more important in the construction field. Quantity Surveyor is involved in a construction project from inception to completion and even demolition in some instances. Besides acts as the financial overseer of a particular project, QS translate the plans into detailed costs. Quantity Surveyor helps to minimize the time scales, the costs of a project and enhance value for money, while still achieving the required standards and quality. A professional Quantity Surveyor is equipped with the strong language, technical and communication skills. Strong base in Mathematics and English helps in speeding up the work as well as reducing the time scale. The QS must be flexible to any kind of work conditions such as site and office.

Chaucers Views on Women: Griselda and the Wife of Baths the Loathly L

Chaucer's Views on Women: Griselda and the Wife of Bath's the Loathly Lady As a man fascinated with the role of women during the 14th Century, or most commonly known as the Middle Ages, Chaucer makes conclusive evaluations and remarks concerning how women were viewed during this time period. Determined to show that women were not weak and humble because of the male dominance surrounding them, Chaucer sets out to prove that women were a powerful and strong-willed gender. In order to defend this argument, the following characters and their tales will be examined: Griselda from the Clerk's Tale, and the Wife of Bath, narrator to the Wife of Bath's Tale. Using the role of gender within the genres of the Canterbury Tales, exploring each woman's participation in the outcomes of their tales, and comparing and contrasting these two heroines, we will find out how Chaucer broke the mold on medievalist attitudes toward women. Chaucer introduces us to several types of women in the General Prologue of his famous work the Canterbury Tales. Among these women are women of rank and social status: the Prioress, the Nun, and the Wife of Bath. Although they are surrounded by various types of men, these women told tales that made men think twice about crossing their paths. As we read about these women in the prologue, we also get a sense of whom they are: they have money, authority, and an air about them that suggests that they are not just on the pilgrimage just to save their own souls (the Wife of Bath definitely shows this trait better than her religious counterparts.) However, it is not just the women who stand for their sisters; the Clerk jumps on the female bandwagon with a tale of his own. Gender provides a way of reading aspects o... ...n, Lesley. (1994). Feminist Readings in Middle English Literature: The Wife of Bath and All Her Sect. Routledge: London. (pgs 72-73, 196-203) Hansen, Elaine Tuttle. (1992). Chaucer and the Fictions of Gender. University of California Press, Ltd: England. (pgs 188-208). Mitchell, J. Allan. (2005). Chaucer's Clerk's Tale and the Question of Ethical Monstrosity. Studies in Philology. Chapel Hill: Winter 2005. Vol.102, Iss. 1; pg. 1, 26 pgs Rigby, Stephen Henry. (2000). The Wife of Bath, Christine de Pizan, and the Medieval Case for Women. Chaucer Review, (pgs 133-165) Stanbury, Sarah. (1997). Regimes of the Visual in Premodern England: Gaze, Body, and Chaucer's Clerk's Tale. New Literary History 28.2, (pgs 261-289) Weisl, Angela Jane. (1995). Conquering the Reign of Femeny: Gender and Genre in Chaucer's Romance. D.S. Brewer: Cambridge, (pgs 2-3, 91-96)

Acquired Level of Competency of Nurses Essay

Background: Known to be the most effective method to develop professional nurses is through a strong preceptorship program. This research study was aimed to determine the effectiveness of the Preceptorship Program being implemented by Vicente Gullas Memorial Hospital. Method: Questionnaires measuring their competency comprising the Knowledge, Skill and Attitude were used to obtain responses from 67 nurse preceptees. The response rate of the survey was 167.5%. Findings and Conclusion: The Vicente Gullas Memorial Hospital’s Preceptorship Program was effective since it significantly produced 46.27% or 31 out 67 respondents who turned out to be Competent nurses. Moreover, there were 28.36% or 19 out of 67 who were Advanced Beginners and 8.96 or 6 out of 67 who were Proficient Nurses. In general, 83.56% or 56 out of 67 Novice Nurses were able to increase their knowledge, skills and attitude at the end of the program. On the other hand, there was a significant correlation between the Nurse’s Skill and Attitude (r= 0.476; p < 0.05). Nurses who are confident with themselves tend to be more proactive and eager to perform nursing procedures which is why they are always willing to do the tasks being delegated or assigned to them. Contrary to what has mentioned, there was no correlation between the preceptee’s Knowledge and Skill (r= – 0.604) and Knowledge and Attitude (r= -0.149).

The Desert Fox essays

The Desert Fox essays Winston Churchill once said We have, a daring and skillful opponent against us, and, may I say, across the havoc of war, a great general. Churchill was always fond of Field Marshall Erwin Rommel and his abilities as a leader, as seen by his previous words. Giving praise to a general of enemys forces is relatively unheard of, especially when this general is threatening the safety of your country. This just goes to show how truly great Rommel was. He was an unorthodox leader; he was always at the center of the conflict. He would push through enemy forces at full speed. He wasnt concerned with the danger exposed to his flanks when he did this; he felt the enemy would be too confused to fight back in this situation. These tactics proved to be very successful for Rommel. Field Marshall Erwin Johannes Eugen Rommel was born on the 15th of November 1891 in the small town of Heidenheim, near the city of Ulm, Germany. He was the second son born to Professor Erwin Rommel, a schoolmaster. His elder brother, Manfred, died in infancy. He also had two younger brothers and one sister. Their father died in 1913 after an operation, making Erwin the man of the house at the age of twenty-two. When Erwin turned 18 he had aspired to join his fathers old regiment, but was turned away. The same result occurred when he tried to join the engineers. On the 19th of June 1910 Rommel became a cadet stationed at the 124th Wurttemberg Regimental headquarters in Weingarten. Rommel was quick to impress his superiors and as such found himself with the rank of Sergeant after only eight months. While attending the Royal Officer Cadet Academy in Danzig Rommel met his future wife, Lucie Maria Mollin. They were wed on the 27th of November 1916. In 1912 Rommel was promoted to Second Lieutenant, he also began his daily ritual of writing to Lucie. In March of 1914 Rommel was stationed in Ulm with the 49th Field Artillery Regiment. He was obs...

Afam history essays

Afam history essays Since arriving on the shores of the United States, the experience of the African American individual has been a turbulent, convoluted struggle for full rights as citizens. Through the use of many strategies, blacks in the United States have reached parity with whites in terms of social and political rights, and are still striving for economic parity. Various methods worked, however, with varying levels of success; and, the proper strategy to use is a topic that was disputed throughout much of the history of blacks in America. It is the case that there was never one strategy used from the start, and that the history of the African American strategy in the United States has been one that changes with the times. In this order of effectiveness (last being most effective), through the pursuit economic reform, the fight for legislative equality, and the assertion of cultural identity, blacks in the United States have gained full rights as citizens. It is my intention to outline each strate gy, is reasons for failure and ultimately why the assertion of a cultural identity was the most successful. Throughout this discussion, however, it must be kept in mind that the use of such strategies was an evolution, and each strategy gains potency as time moves further away from slavery. In the early days after the Civil War it almost seemed like blacks werent going to need to find a strategy to be regarded as full citizens. Under the protection of the Thirteenth, Fourteenth, and Fifteenth Amendments to the Constitution and the Civil Rights Act of 1866, African Americans enjoyed a period when they were allowed to vote, actively participate in the political process, acquire the land of former owners, seek their own employment, and use public accommodations. Opponents of this progressive period of reconstruction, however, soon rallied against the former slaves' freedom and began to find means for eroding the gains for which many had shed their bloo...

Contemporary issues in marketing MGT Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Contemporary issues in marketing MGT - Essay Example Over time the classical economic theory based business social responsibility evolved to see business social responsibility as more than just profit. Businesses worldwide have become more socially responsible, but they still are pursuing economic interests. Economic interests will always remain the number one priority for businesses all over the world. "Any mechanism for enforcing or urging social responsibility upon firms must of course reckon with a profit motive..." (Arrow, 2001: 304) Not all the businesses have socially responsible outlook. Some business owners still regard socially responsible business practices as a waste of money, the cost outweighing any benefits. The majority of business owners, however, regard the cost of socially responsible actions as necessary expense. They make such a commitment an essential part of their business operation. They take a great deal of pride in the reputation their business has established and wish to protect its good name. These businesses want to be seen as responsible corporate citizens, conscious of the high standards expected of them by their customers and society at large. The business world of today is much more complex compared to that of 60 years age, requiring a higher degree of corporate social responsibil... Corporate Social responsibility's (CSR's) time has come, and it is not just a management fad. The key benefits of CSR for companies are in employee retention and helping organizations through dialogue and engagement with their key stakeholders. This enables companies to win better alignment with their markets and customers in the long run, and help stem the growing tide of confrontation. Strategic Ethics And Social Responsibility Strategic ethics and social responsibility are two of the most important, yet perhaps most misunderstood concerns in the world of business today. By their very nature, these fields are controversial, and there is no universally accepted approach for solving their questions. On the other hand, government is encouraging organizational accountability for ethical conduct, and organisations are being asked to prevent and control misconduct by implementing ethics programs. By defining strategic ethics, we can link and compare it with the concept of social responsibility. In this way, we can examine applications in the business context, thus drawing conclusions about their roles in strategy. (Ferrell, 2000, 119-23) With the competing demands from different stakeholders, Corporate Social Responsibility is becoming more important in an organisation. Corporate enterprises are starting to recognize that they have a wider responsibility to the communities within which they operate. Research has shown that by implementing social responsibilities, a win-win situation can be achieved between the company and its stakeholders. Social responsibility is the obligation a business assumes toward society. Jennings (2003:6)

Argue the US should increase its use of natural gas Essay

Argue the US should increase its use of natural gas - Essay Example This will critically compare both the pros and cons of this form of fuel and the benefits of its use in the United States (Knittel 3). The choice of gas to use in our industries is no longer guided by the desires of an individual but the cost and availability of the said fuel. With major economies relying on fossil fuel for different functions including industrial and home use, the current reserves are being depleted at an alarming rate. Natural gas is currently one of the cheapest and safest gases around the world with the United States sitting on a huge reserve of the gas which is currently unexploited. The lack of interest on natural gas and its resultant lack of exploitation can be attributed to the negative misconceptions that have been generated towards this gas (Ratner 7). Natural gas is colorless and odorless and produce high amount of energy when combusted with no significant emissions that negatively harm the environment. It is one of the most abundant gases in the United S tates but is rarely exploited due to the countries over reliance on fossil fuel. It contains high concentration of hydrocarbons including methane, ethane and propane, which are currently generated from fossil fuel at a much higher cost on the environment and economy. As a country that is much preoccupied with fossil fuel, switching to natural gas can only be achieved through informed education approaches that provide the benefits of this source of gas as compared to the current source. This topic will be insightful in guiding the country’s energy policy makers in making a significant policy shift from fossil fuel to natural gas. A number of misconceptions also exist about natural gas as compared to fossil fuels that act to confuse the citizens as further. This topic seeks to handle these misconceptions by providing an argumentative approach on why the country must adopt natural gas as opposed to the current use of fossil fuel (Knittel 3). Natural gas is cleaner as compared to fossil fuels thus making it the current fuel preferred by utility companies in the United States. With the current emphasis on the need to reduce emission of greenhouse gases into the atmosphere, the need for the adoption of a much cleaner gas makes natural gas the gas of choice. In addition, fossil fuels such as petroleum and gasoline, when combusted produces less energy as compared to natural gas but has higher amount of greenhouse effect as compared to natural gas. The increase in international lobbying for the adoption of safe and clean fuel supports the role of natural gas in the reduction of climate change, which occurs due to an increase in greenhouse gas emission from industries (Verrastro & Branch 5). However, natural gas has a finite nature that makes it unreliable source of energy to drive the massive industries in the United States and mitigate the impacts of global warming. Those who belong to this school of thought argue that despite the fact that natural gas is much cleaner as compared to fossil fuels, it is not as clean to enable it contribute significantly in the fight against climate change. Decreasing the prevalence of climate change cannot effectively be done using natural gas, as the opponents would want us to believe. This is farther from the truth, as the fight against climate change cannot be won through one major initiative but through well-calculated policies, which significantly

Environment and Health Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Environment and Health - Essay Example Furthermore, the measures to be adopted in the future, for ensuring the sustainability of the environment of this area, have been discussed. The development of cities, across the world, has been phenomenal during the past two centuries. In 1800, the proportion of urban residents was 5%, which increased to 50% in 2000, and is projected to reach 66% in the year 2030. However, a comparatively larger increase, in the number of urban residents is expected to transpire, with regard to the developing nations. Urbanisation is engendered by certain elements, such as industrialisation, lifestyle compulsions, and in order to circumvent political strife (Friis, 2011 , p. 11). During the latter half of the 1990s, it became evident that the ‘health for all’ initiative was not going to emerge successful, by the year 2000. This resulted in the renewal of the policy strategy of the World Health Organization (WHO). This renewed policy strategy was accorded minimal attention by the national governments. At that juncture, another issue was identified, which was being recognised as being correlated to issues of health. This issue was the deterioration of the environment. In order to address the issue of environmental harm, governments participated in the Rio Earth Summit. During the meeting, Agenda 21 was formed, which constituted a plan for sustainable development. (Sim & McKee, 2011, p. 5). On 25 November 2011, the Canterbury City Council declared an Air Quality Management Area (Canterbury City Council, 2011). It encompassed 17 streets of Canterbury. The first of these areas had been designated in the year 2006. The law mandates the declaration of such areas, whenever the air pollution of that area violates the objectives of air quality. This region has become home to severe air pollution. As is well known, air pollution is extremely harmful to health (Abreu, 2012). Several research works, such as the Millennium Ecosystem Assessment of 2005, established

My holiday - i visited Paris Essay Example for Free

My holiday i visited Paris Essay I visited Paris in France. When I there arrived I was astonished because the city seemed very modern ceque I did not await. She has seems very clean and she had aigalement a lot of different stores. On the way i mon hotel I traveled by the north of the France that seemed very silent. When I arrived to my destination I was very hour. It was very hot. The Trip I travelled by France. I had to go to Douvres. It was a long boring trip we left Douvres at 10 oclock and arrived in France at twelve oclock. Lodging IS remained in a hotel with my family. I have partagiune room with my brother and my parents had a separated room. The hotel was situated close to the local city but it was again silencie ux and calm. The hotel had a swimming pool and the stores was very dear. My room was small it had a television and one bathroom. Activities of the day The day it was very hot thus I tried to do the activities that were interior. I played Badminton then I played au ping-pong that was very good. I also went swimming in the swimming pool in the hotel, after swimming I played mini-golf. Activities in the evening The evenings it did sometimes froid. La most of the time in evenings my family went out for a repas. Quand there was recreations we remained at the hotel because it was comedy and my younger brother really assessed demonstration. They etait drole but certain French i taienten. Equally my sisters participated in the spectacle our last one harms. Before we left went to do ourselves emplettes in the next city to do which quesachats. In order to view this essay, you either need to log in or contribute one your essays or courseworks. Please submit one of your own essays below to be taken the essay that you requested.

moving away Essay -- essays research papers

Moving Away   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Moving away from all of your best friends can be a real tragedy in a sixteen-year-old teenagers life. It’s hard to get up and go eight hundred miles away from everyone you know and everything you grew up around. I had this happen to me about three years ago and it is the largest change I have ever had to adjust to in my life. It wasn’t the changes around me that I was bothered by; it was that I did not know one living soul for hundreds of miles and all I wanted was a friend.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚     Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Two days into the summer after sophomore year at Governor Mifflin High School in the little town of Shillington Pennsylvania I would find out the worse news that a sixteen year old could hear. I found out that in four days my family and I would be moving to a suburb outside of Chicago because of my dads recent job change. I was devastated, I ran to my room and cried for about an hour with thoughts of all my friends running through my head. It was like all the memories I had with all my friends were going through my head at the same time. It was beyond doubt one of the biggest challenges of my life. During the last few days I was there I went out with my friends every night having as much fun as I could have, but moving day spoiled all the fun I had. Moving day had come, but I wasn’t ready to go anywhere. I just couldn’t accept leaving all I know behind and moving to   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  &nbs...

The Nervous System

Chapter 35 Nervous System MULTIPLE CHOICE 1. The basic types of tissue in the human body are a. |cell, organ, and organ system. | b. |sight, smell, and hearing. | c. |thyroid, trachea, adenoid, and bronchus. | d. |muscle, nervous, connective, and epithelial. | ANS:DDIF:AREF:p. 894OBJ:35. 1. 1 2. Which system regulates and controls growth, development, and metabolism? a. |endocrine system|c. |integumentary system| b. |lymphatic system|d. |skeletal system| ANS:ADIF:EREF:p. 893OBJ:35. 1. 1 STO:12. A. 4. b 3. The levels of organization in the body include a. |endocrine, respiratory, digestive, and nervous. b. |cells, tissues, organs, and organ systems. | c. |cells, tissues, and functions. | d. |lymphatic, respiratory, and circulatory. | ANS:BDIF:AREF:p. 891OBJ:35. 1. 1 4. How many organ systems make up the human body? a. |4|c. |8| b. |5|d. |11| ANS:DDIF:BREF:p. 891OBJ:35. 1. 1 5. A group of similar cells that perform a single function is called a(an) a. |nerve. |c. |tissue. | b. |organ. |d. |organ system. | ANS:CDIF:BREF:p. 891OBJ:35. 1. 1 6. Which type of tissue lines your internal organs? a. |epithelial|c. |nerve| b. |connective|d. |muscle| ANS:ADIF:BREF:p. 894OBJ:35. 1. 1 7.Which type of tissue enables a person’s fingers to move as he or she plays the piano? a. |epithelial|c. |nerve| b. |connective|d. |muscle| ANS:DDIF:EREF:p. 894OBJ:35. 1. 1 8. Which type of tissue provides support for the body? a. |epithelial|c. |nerve| b. |connective|d. |muscle| ANS:BDIF:BREF:p. 894OBJ:35. 1. 1 9. The process by which organ systems maintain relatively constant internal conditions is called a. |circulation. |c. |homeostasis. | b. |organization. |d. |teamwork. | ANS:CDIF:BREF:p. 895OBJ:35. 1. 2 10. Which process enables the body to maintain a stable temperature? a. |heating|c. |feedback inhibition| b. |circulation|d. cellular activity| ANS:CDIF:AREF:p. 895OBJ:35. 1. 2 11. The level of chemicals in the body that speed up cellular activity is regulated by a. |action potent ial. |c. |the sympathetic nervous system. | b. |feedback inhibition. |d. |the parasympathetic nervous system. | ANS:BDIF:EREF:p. 895OBJ:35. 1. 2 12. Which system coordinates the body’s response to changes in its internal and external environment? a. |lymphatic system|c. |excretory system| b. |nervous system|d. |reproductive system| ANS:BDIF:BREF:p. 892, p. 897 OBJ:35. 2. 1STO:12. A. 4. b 13. Neurons are classified by the a. |direction in which they carry impulses. b. |amount of metabolic activity that takes place. | c. |number of dendrites that branch out. | d. |number of impulses that they carry. | ANS:ADIF:EREF:p. 897OBJ:35. 2. 1 14. What is the smallest structural and functional unit of the nervous system? a. |nerve|c. |organ| b. |neuron|d. |tissue| ANS:BDIF:AREF:p. 897OBJ:35. 2. 1 15. What begins when a neuron is stimulated by another neuron or by the environment? a. |a threshold|c. |an impulse| b. |an action potential|d. |a dendrite| ANS:CDIF:BREF:p. 899OBJ:35. 2. 2 16. What is the function of neurotransmitters? a. |to transmit nerve impulses through dendrites| b. to stimulate the production of epinephrine| c. |to transmit nerve impulses across synapses| d. |none of the above| ANS:CDIF:AREF:p. 900OBJ:35. 2. 2 17. For a neuron to reach an action potential, it must a. |release electrons. | b. |absorb calcium. | c. |reverse the electrical charge across the cell membrane. | d. |take in sodium ions. | ANS:CDIF:EREF:p. 899OBJ:35. 2. 2 Figure 35–1 18. Refer to Figure 35–1. The cell body of a neuron collects information from which structure? a. |A|c. |C| b. |B|d. |E| ANS:ADIF:EREF:p. 897, p. 898 OBJ:35. 2. 2 19. When an impulse reaches the end of a neuron, it triggers the release of a. neurotransmitters. |c. |dendrites. | b. |sodium ions. |d. |receptors. | ANS:ADIF:AREF:p. 900OBJ:35. 2. 2 20. What is the function of the central nervous system? a. |to relay messages|c. |to analyze information| b. |to process information|d. |all of the above| A NS:DDIF:BREF:p. 901OBJ:35. 3. 1 21. Which of the following is a function of the cerebrum? a. |controls conscious activities of the body| b. |controls heart rate| c. |controls blood pressure| d. |controls breathing| ANS:ADIF:AREF:p. 902OBJ:35. 3. 1 22. The region of the brain that recognizes hunger is the a. |brain stem. |c. |hypothalamus. | b. |medulla oblongata. |d. |thalamus. ANS:CDIF:AREF:p. 903OBJ:35. 3. 1 23. The ability to move your right hand is controlled by the a. |left hemisphere of the cerebrum. | b. |right hemisphere of the cerebrum. | c. |both the left and right hemispheres of the cerebrum. | d. |neither hemisphere of the cerebrum. | ANS:ADIF:EREF:p. 902OBJ:35. 3. 1 24. A student’s ability to think about a question and answer it correctly is directly controlled by the a. |brain stem. |c. |medulla. | b. |cerebellum. |d. |cerebrum. | ANS:DDIF:EREF:p. 902OBJ:35. 3. 1 25. Which division(s) of the peripheral nervous system transmit(s) impulses from sense organs to the central nervous system? . |sensory division|c. |sensory and motor divisions| b. |motor division|d. |spinal cord division| ANS:ADIF:BREF:p. 903OBJ:35. 3. 2 26. Which division of the nervous system controls the ability to dance? a. |somatic|c. |central| b. |autonomic|d. |brain| ANS:ADIF:EREF:p. 903OBJ:35. 3. 2 27. The division of the nervous system that helps the body react to pain is the a. |somatic nervous system. |c. |autonomic nervous system. | b. |sensory nervous system. |d. |sympathetic nervous system. | ANS:ADIF:AREF:p. 904OBJ:35. 3. 2 28. Sense organs are part of the a. |peripheral nervous system. |c. |autonomic nervous system. | . |central nervous system. |d. |parasympathetic nervous system. | ANS:ADIF:AREF:p. 903OBJ:35. 3. 2 29. What are the two divisions of the peripheral nervous system? a. |brain and spinal cord|c. |somatic and autonomic| b. |thalamus and hypothalamus|d. |sensory and motor| ANS:DDIF:BREF:p. 903OBJ:35. 3. 2 30. Which of the following general categories of sensory receptors are located everywhere in the body except the brain? a. |thermoreceptors|c. |photoreceptors| b. |mechanoreceptors|d. |pain receptors| ANS:DDIF:AREF:p. 906OBJ:35. 4. 1 31. Which general category of sensory receptors detects variations in temperature? . |thermoreceptors|c. |photoreceptors| b. |mechanoreceptors|d. |pain receptors| ANS:ADIF:BREF:p. 906OBJ:35. 4. 1 32. Sensory receptors that are sensitive to chemicals are found in the a. |skin, body core, and hypothalamus. |c. |eyes. | b. |skin, skeletal muscles, and inner ears. |d. |nose and taste buds. | ANS:DDIF:EREF:p. 906OBJ:35. 4. 1 33. Which of the five senses contains two types of photoreceptors called rods and cones? a. |vision|c. |smell| b. |hearing|d. |taste| ANS:ADIF:BREF:p. 907OBJ:35. 4. 2 34. In which of the following structures might an infection cause dizziness? a. |semicircular canals|c. |eardrum| . |oval window|d. |cochlea| ANS:ADIF:EREF:p. 908OBJ:35. 4. 2 Figure 35–2 35. Which labeled structure in Figure 35–2 creates pressure waves in the cochlea? a. |structure A|c. |structure C| b. |structure B|d. |structure D| ANS:ADIF:EREF:p. 908OBJ:35. 4. 2 36. In Figure 35–2, which labeled structure sends impulses to the brain that enable it to determine body motion and position? a. |structure A|c. |structure C| b. |structure B|d. |structure D| ANS:BDIF:AREF:p. 908, p. 909 OBJ:35. 4. 2 37. Which sense relies on the largest sense organ in the body? a. |touch|c. |smell| b. |hearing|d. |taste| ANS:ADIF:AREF:p. 09OBJ:35. 4. 2 38. If you did not like the flavor of a certain oral liquid medicine, you could hide much of its taste by a. |closing your eyes. |c. |holding your nose. | b. |covering your ears. |d. |folding your hands together. | ANS:CDIF:EREF:p. 909OBJ:35. 4. 2 39. Drugs that increase heart rate, blood pressure, and breathing rate are called a. |stimulants. |c. |opiates. | b. |depressants. |d. |alcohol. | ANS:ADIF:BREF:p. 910OBJ:35. 5. 1 40. What types of drugs slow down the activity of the central nervous system? a. |stimulants|c. |opiates| b. |depressants|d. |cocaine| ANS:BDIF:AREF:p. 911OBJ:35. 5. 1 41.Uncontrollable pain and sickness occur because the body cannot produce enough endorphins when a drug user attempts to stop using a. |opiates. |c. |crack. | b. |cocaine. |d. |marijuana. | ANS:ADIF:EREF:p. 911OBJ:35. 5. 1 42. The most widely abused legal drug is a. |marijuana. |c. |amphetamines. | b. |tranquilizers. |d. |alcohol. | ANS:DDIF:BREF:p. 912OBJ:35. 5. 2 43. What system does alcohol immediately affect? a. |digestive|c. |nervous| b. |circulatory|d. |endocrine| ANS:CDIF:BREF:p. 912OBJ:35. 5. 2 44. Alcohol does each of the following EXCEPT a. |slow reflexes. |c. |impair judgment. | b. |stimulate heart rate. |d. disrupt coordination. | ANS:BDIF:AREF:p. 912OBJ:35. 5. 2 45. One third of all homicides can be attributed to the effects of a. |alcohol. |c. |crack. | b. |cocaine. |d. |opiates. | ANS:ADIF:EREF:p. 912OBJ:35. 5. 2 MODIFIED TRUE/FAL SE 1. There are four levels of organization in the human body: cells, tissues, organs, and organ systems. _________________________ ANS:TDIF:AREF:p. 891 OBJ:35. 1. 1 2. A group of similar cells that perform a single function is called a(an) organ. _________________________ ANS:F, tissue DIF:BREF:p. 891OBJ:35. 1. 1 3. The hypothalamus is to your body as the thermostat is to the internal environment of a house. ________________________ ANS:TDIF:EREF:p. 896 OBJ:35. 1. 2 4. Spreading out from the cell body of a neuron are short, branched extensions called axons. _________________________ ANS:F, dendrites DIF:BREF:p. 898OBJ:35. 2. 1 5. The propagation of an action potential is slower in myelinated axons than in axons that lack a myelin sheath. _________________________ ANS:F, faster DIF:EREF:p. 898OBJ:35. 2. 2 6. The largest and most prominent region of the human brain that is responsible for the voluntary, or conscious, activities of the body is the cerebellum. _________________________ ANS:F, cerebrumDIF:BREF:p. 902OBJ:35. 3. 1 7. The brain and spinal cord can withstand considerable trauma due to the meninges acting as a shock absorber. ______________________________ ANS:F, cerebrospinal fluid DIF:AREF:p. 901OBJ:35. 3. 1 8. If you accidentally step on a tack with your bare foot, the pathway that the nerve impulse takes from your foot to your leg is called a reflex arc. _________________________ ANS:TDIF:BREF:p. 904 OBJ:35. 3. 2 9. The autonomic nervous system is part of the motor division of the peripheral nervous system. _________________________ ANS:TDIF:AREF:p. 904 OBJ:35. 3. 2 10.Chemoreceptors are associated with the sense of smell and touch. _________________________ ANS:F, taste DIF:AREF:p. 909OBJ:35. 4. 1 11. Rods respond to light of different colors, producing color vision. ____________________ ANS:F, Cones DIF:EREF:p. 907OBJ:35. 4. 2 12. A person with a relatively small number of cones in the retinas may have trouble distinguishing colors. _____________ ____________ ANS:TDIF:EREF:p. 907 OBJ:35. 4. 2 13. The cochlea and the two tiny sacs located behind it help the body maintain its equilibrium. ______________________________ ANS:F, semicircular canals DIF:EREF:p. 908OBJ:35. 4. 2 14.Addiction can be defined as intentional misuse of any drug for nonmedical purposes. _________________________ ANS:F, Drug abuse DIF:AREF:p. 914OBJ:35. 5. 1 15. About 40 percent of the fatal accidents that occur on Americans highways involve the drug alcohol. _________________________ ANS:TDIF:BREF:p. 912 OBJ:35. 5. 2 COMPLETION 1. Your skin, hair, nails, and sweat and oil glands make up your _________________________ system. ANS:integumentary DIF:EREF:p. 892OBJ:35. 1. 1STO:12. A. 4. b 2. Neurons are classified into three types according to the ____________________ the impulse travels. ANS:direction DIF:AREF:p. 97OBJ:35. 2. 1 3. The process by which a stimulus produces a response that opposes the original stimulus is called ____________________ inhibition. ANS:feedback DIF:BREF:p. 895OBJ:35. 1. 2 4. ____________________ is the process by which organisms maintain a relatively stable internal environment. ANS:Homeostasis DIF:AREF:p. 895OBJ:35. 1. 2 5. In most animals, axons and dendrites are clustered into bundles of fibers called ____________________. ANS:nerves DIF:AREF:p. 898OBJ:35. 2. 1 6. Sensory neurons and motor neurons are connected by ____________________, which carry impulses between them. ANS:interneuronsDIF:BREF:p. 897OBJ:35. 2. 1 7. The myelin sheath that surrounds a single long axon leaves many gaps, called ____________________, where the axon membrane is exposed. ANS:nodes DIF:AREF:p. 898OBJ:35. 2. 1 8. The difference in electrical charge across the cell membrane of a resting neuron is its resting ____________________. ANS:potential DIF:AREF:p. 898OBJ:35. 2. 2 9. The two major divisions of the human nervous system are the central and the ____________________ nervous systems. ANS:peripheral DIF:BREF:p. 901OBJ:35. 3. 1 Fig ure 35–3 10. The process illustrated in Figure 35–3 is called a(an) ____________________.ANS:reflex arc DIF:EREF:p. 904OBJ:35. 3. 2 11. The turning of your head is controlled by the ____________________ nervous system, which is part of the peripheral nervous system’s motor division. ANS:somatic DIF:EREF:p. 903OBJ:35. 3. 2 12. Sensory receptors called _________________________ are found in the skin, skeletal muscles, and inner ears and are sensitive to touch, pressure, stretching of muscles, sound, and motion. ANS:mechanoreceptors DIF:BREF:p. 906OBJ:35. 4. 1 13. Small muscles attached to the ____________________ of your eye change its shape to help you focus on near or distant objects.ANS:lens DIF:EREF:p. 907OBJ:35. 4. 2 14. The class of drugs called ____________________ mimic natural chemicals in the brain known as endorphins, which normally help to overcome sensations of pain. ANS:opiates DIF:EREF:p. 911OBJ:35. 5. 1 15. Cirrhosis of the liver is a possible resu lt of the long-term use of ____________________. ANS:alcohol DIF:BREF:p. 913OBJ:35. 5. 2STO:11. A. 4. c, 13. A. 4. b SHORT ANSWER 1. Compare and contrast tissues and organs. ANS: A tissue is a group of similar cells that perform a single function. An organ is a group of tissues that work together to perform a complex function.DIF:AREF:p. 891OBJ:35. 1. 1 2. What is homeostasis? ANS: Homeostasis is the process by which organisms keep internal conditions relatively constant despite changes in external environments. DIF:BREF:p. 895OBJ:35. 1. 2 3. How can the nervous system help a person run without falling? Explain. ANS: Balance is necessary for running. Portions of the nervous system, along with the sense organs, can interpret a person’s balance and make minor corrections to make sure the person will not fall. DIF:EREF:p. 908OBJ:35. 4. 1 4. Distinguish between the functions of dendrites and axons.ANS: Dendrites and axons are parts of a neuron. Dendrites carry impulses from the e nvironment or from other neurons toward the cell body. Axons carry impulses away from the cell body. DIF:BREF:p. 898OBJ:35. 2. 2 5. At what location does a neuron transfer an impulse to another cell? ANS: the synapse DIF:AREF:p. 900OBJ:35. 2. 2 Figure 35–1 6. Identify the structure and its labeled parts illustrated in Figure 35–1. ANS: neuron; (A) dendrite; (B) cell body; (C) axon; (D) myelin sheath; (E) nucleus DIF:EREF:p. 897OBJ:35. 2. 2 7. What are the major regions of the brain? ANS:The major regions of the brain are the cerebrum, the cerebellum, the brain stem, the thalamus, and the hypothalamus. DIF:BREF:p. 901, p. 902, p. 903OBJ:35. 3. 1 8. How is the spinal cord like a major telephone line? ANS: The spinal cord is the main communications link between the brain and the rest of the body, transmitting information, just as a telephone line carries many calls at once. DIF:AREF:p. 903OBJ:35. 3. 1 9. Why is a severe injury to the brain stem usually fatal? ANS: The bra in stem controls some of the body’s most important functions, including breathing, heartbeat, blood pressure, and swallowing.These involuntary processes are essential to life, so the disruption of any of these processes can cause death. DIF:EREF:p. 902OBJ:35. 3. 1 10. What is a motor neuron? ANS: A motor neuron carries impulses from the brain and the spinal cord to muscles and glands. DIF:EREF:p. 897OBJ:35. 2. 1 11. How is a pain in your toe perceived by sensory receptors? Why is it important for your body to sense this pain? ANS: Pain receptors respond to chemicals released by the damaged cells in your toes, which may indicate danger, injury, or disease. DIF:EREF:p. 906OBJ:35. 4. 1 12. Identify the five main senses. ANS:The five main senses are vision, hearing, smell, taste, and touch. DIF:BREF:p. 906OBJ:35. 4. 2 13. Compare and contrast the functions of rods and cones. ANS: Both rods and cones are photoreceptors in the retina. Rods are sensitive to light but do not distingu ish colors. Cones are less sensitive to light than rods, but cones respond to light of different colors. DIF:AREF:p. 907OBJ:35. 4. 2 14. How do opiates help people overcome sensations of pain? ANS: Opiates mimic natural chemicals in the brain known as endorphins, which normally help to overcome sensations of pain. DIF:BREF:p. 911OBJ:35. 5. 1 15.What are the cause and effect of fetal alcohol syndrome? ANS: Fetal alcohol syndrome is caused by consuming alcohol while pregnant. The effect of this syndrome is a range of birth defects in the baby, such as heart defect, malformed face, delayed growth, and poor motor development. DIF:AREF:p. 913OBJ:35. 5. 2STO:11. A. 4. c, 13. A. 4. b OTHER USING SCIENCE SKILLS This diagram shows the structure of a synapse between the axon of one neuron and the dendrite of a neighboring neuron. Figure 35–4 1. Applying Concepts In Figure 35–4, which structures release neurotransmitters? ANS: vesicles DIF:AREF:p. 900OBJ:35. 2. 2. Interpreting Gr aphics In Figure 35–4, into what area do the neurotransmitters diffuse? ANS: synaptic cleft DIF:AREF:p. 900OBJ:35. 2. 2 3. Predicting Referring to Figure 35–4, predict the direction of the impulse. ANS: The impulse will travel from the axon to the dendrite of the adjacent neuron. DIF:AREF:p. 900OBJ:35. 2. 2 4. Applying Concepts Referring to Figure 35–4, after the neurotransmitters are released from the cell surface, what happens to the neurotransmitters? ANS: The neurotransmitters may be broken down by enzymes, or taken up and recycled by the axon terminal. DIF:AREF:p. 900OBJ:35. 2. 2 5.Applying Concepts If the axon in Figure 35–4 is part of a motor neuron, to what cells are the impulses being passed? ANS: muscle cells and glands DIF:AREF:p. 897OBJ:35. 2. 2 USING SCIENCE SKILLS Blood alcohol concentration (BAC) is a measure of the amount of alcohol in the bloodstream. The following graphs illustrate how many alcoholic drinks consumed in one hour result in different levels of BAC in individuals of different masses. In some states, an adult driving with a BAC of 0. 08% or higher is considered to be legally drunk. Figure 35–5 6. Using Tables and Graphs You have a mass of 45 kg and have had one drink.According to Figure 35–5, how long would it take for your BAC to drop to 0. 04% or lower? ANS: one hour DIF:EREF:p. 912, p. 913OBJ:35. 5. 2 STO:11. A. 4. c, 13. A. 4. b 7. Using Tables and Graphs You are a 48-kg adult and have had four drinks in an hour. According to Figure 35–5, could you drive legally after three hours? ANS: no DIF:EREF:p. 912OBJ:35. 5. 2 8. Interpreting Graphics Based on Figure 35–5, how is the mass of an individual related to BAC levels? ANS: Individuals with more mass can consume more alcoholic drinks in the same period of time and have a lower BAC than individuals with less mass.DIF:EREF:p. 912OBJ:35. 5. 2 9. Interpreting Graphics A 40-kg person and a 50-kg person each drink 4 drinks in 4 h ours. Do they have the same BAC? ANS: No. The 40-kg person has a BAC of 0. 10% or higher, whereas the 50-kg person has a BAC of 0. 05% to 0. 09%. DIF:EREF:p. 912OBJ:35. 5. 2 10. Applying Concepts A 58-kg person has two cocktails just before dinner and a glass of wine with dinner 30 minutes later. According to Figure 35–5, how long would the individual be in the â€Å"Definitely illegal† category? ANS: one hour DIF:EREF:p. 912OBJ:35. 5. 2 USING SCIENCE SKILLS Figure 35–6 11.Interpreting Graphics What is the name of structure C in Figure 35–6? ANS: spinal cord DIF:BREF:p. 901, p. 903OBJ:35. 3. 1 12. Applying Concepts Referring to Figure 35–6, which structure is responsible for the voluntary, or conscious, activities of the body? ANS: structure A, the cerebrum DIF:BREF:p. 902OBJ:35. 3. 1 13. Applying Concepts Referring to Figure 35–6, which structure is the control center for recognition and analysis of hunger, thirst, fatigue, anger, and body temperature? ANS: hypothalamus DIF:BREF:p. 903OBJ:35. 3. 1 14. Interpreting Graphics In Figure 35–6, which structure is the cerebellum?ANS: structure B DIF:BREF:p. 901, p. 902OBJ:35. 3. 1 15. Applying Concepts Referring to Figure 35–6, what two regions of the brain stem act as neural â€Å"switchboards,† regulating the flow of information between the brain and the rest of the body? ANS: medulla oblongata and pons DIF:BREF:p. 902OBJ:35. 3. 1 ESSAY 1. How are the cells of the human body similar to individuals in a society that work in groups to accomplish shared goals? ANS: Every cell in the human body is both an independent unit and an interdependent part of a larger community—the entire organism.Similarly, each individual in a society can survive independently, but it is also necessary to form interdependent groups to accomplish certain goals. DIF:EREF:p. 891OBJ:35. 1. 1 2. Name six of the body’s systems and describe their functions. ANS: Answer sh ould include six of the following systems. The nervous system coordinates the body’s response to changes in its internal and external environment. The integumentary system serves as a barrier against infection and injury, helps to regulate body temperature, and provides protection against ultraviolet radiation from the sun.The skeletal system supports the body, protects internal organs, allows movement, stores mineral reserves, and provides a site for blood cell formation. The muscular system works with the skeletal system to provide voluntary movement and helps to circulate blood and move food through the digestive system. The circulatory system brings oxygen, nutrients, and hormones to cells; fights infection; removes cell wastes; and helps regulate body temperature. The respiratory system provides oxygen needed for cellular respiration and removes excess carbon dioxide from the body.The digestive system converts foods into simpler molecules that can be used by the cells of the body. The excretory system eliminates waste products from the body. The endocrine system controls growth, development, and metabolism. The reproductive system produces reproductive cells and, in the female, nurtures and protects the developing embryo. The lymphatic system helps protect the body from disease, collects fluid lost from blood vessels, and returns the fluid to the circulatory system. DIF:EREF:p. 892, p. 893OBJ:35. 1. 1 STO:12. A. 4. b 3.Based on the process of feedback inhibition, explain how your body maintains a relatively constant temperature. ANS: The hypothalamus contains nerve cells that monitor both the temperature of your skin at the surface of the body and the temperature of organs in the body’s core. When these nerve cells sense that the body’s temperature is lower than normal, the hypothalamus produces chemicals that signal cells throughout the body to speed up their activities. Heat produced by this increase in cellular activity causes a gr adual rise in body temperature, which is detected by the nerve cells in the hypothalamus.This feedback inhibits the production of chemicals that speed up cellular activity and keeps body temperature from rising to a dangerous level. If your body temperature rises too far above normal, the hypothalamus slows down cellular activities, minimizing the production of heat. DIF:EREF:p. 895OBJ:35. 1. 2 4. Compare resting potential and action potential in a neuron. ANS: The difference in electrical charge across the cell membrane of a resting neuron is the resting potential. Once an impulse begins, positive ions rush across the cell membrane, reversing the charge difference.The inside of the membrane gains a positive charge, and the outside of the membrane gains a negative charge. This rapid reversal of charges is called the action potential. As the impulse passes, the positively charged ions flow out of the cell, and the resting potential of the membrane is reestablished. DIF:AREF:p. 898, p . 899OBJ:35. 2. 2 5. What is the function of each of the main regions of the brain? ANS: The cerebrum controls voluntary activities, intelligence, learning, and judgment. The cerebellum controls coordination and balance.The brain stem controls blood pressure, heart rate, breathing, and swallowing. The thalamus receives messages from the sense organs. The hypothalamus recognizes sensations of hunger, thirst, fatigue, anger, and body temperature. DIF:AREF:p. 902, p. 903OBJ:35. 3. 1 6. Compare the effects of the sympathetic and the parasympathetic divisions of the autonomic nervous system. ANS: The sympathetic nervous system and the parasympathetic nervous system each release different neurotransmitters that have opposite effects on the same organ system, which helps the body maintain homeostasis.When the sympathetic system speeds up an activity, the parasympathetic system slows down the same activity. For example, heart rate is increased by the sympathetic nervous system, but decrease d by the parasympathetic nervous system. DIF:AREF:p. 904OBJ:35. 3. 2 7. What are the five general categories of sensory receptors? Where are they located in the body? ANS: The five general categories are pain receptors, thermoreceptors, mechanoreceptors, chemoreceptors, and photoreceptors. Pain receptors are throughout the body except in the brain.Thermoreceptors are located in the skin, body core, and hypothalamus. Mechanoreceptors are found in skin, skeletal muscles, and inner ears. Chemoreceptors are found in the nose and taste buds. Photoreceptors are found in the eyes. DIF:AREF:p. 906OBJ:35. 4. 1 8. How would you design an experiment to show that much of what people actually taste in food depends on their sense of smell? ANS: Students’ experiments may include having someone taste different types of foods that have specific tastes and smells, and then having the person taste them with his or her eyes shut and nose held closed.Students should determine if the person can id entify the food that he or she tasted without the use of sight and smell, and record observations and draw conclusions. DIF:EREF:p. 909OBJ:35. 4. 2 9. People who have to drive long distances sometimes take stimulants. How might this practice be dangerous? ANS: Stimulants increase the release of neurotransmitters at some synapses in the brain, which then leads to a feeling of energy and well-being. However, when the effects of the stimulants wear off, the brain’s supply of neurotransmitters has been depleted.The user quickly falls into fatigue and depression, which can impair the person’s ability to drive and could lead to accidents. DIF:AREF:p. 910OBJ:35. 5. 1 10. In the Designated Driver Program, one person in a group agrees to be the driver and not to drink any alcohol. Why is this program important? ANS: By decreasing the number of drunk drivers on the road, you decrease your chances of being involved in such an accident. If more people were involved in the Designat ed Driver Program, fewer people would be in danger of being involved in a fatal accident. DIF:EREF:p. 912OBJ:35. 5. 2